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BPSC Mains — Answer Writing

BPSC put a 300-mark essay paper at the centre of its mains, which makes structured writing worth as much as an entire GS paper. Bihar-specific substance runs through the rest of it.

BIHAR PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION
COMBINED (MAIN) COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION
GENERAL STUDIES — PAPER I
Time Allowed: Three HoursMaximum Marks: 300

Answers may be written in Hindi or English. Question No. 1 is compulsory. Marks are indicated against each question.

  1. 1.Discuss the structural causes of recurrent flooding in north Bihar and evaluate the state's shift from embankment-led control to flood management.15
  2. 2.Examine the contribution of Bihar to the Indian national movement with special reference to the Champaran Satyagraha.15
  3. 3.Analyse the findings of the Bihar caste survey and their implications for welfare policy.20
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Studio 07:30
General Studies I15 marks
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Discuss the structural causes of recurrent flooding in north Bihar and evaluate the state's shift from embankment-led control to flood management.

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North Bihar faces floods every year due to rivers coming from Nepal. Kosi is called the sorrow of Bihar. Embankments were built but they have not solved the problem. Now the government is focusing on flood management. Better coordination with Nepal is needed. North Bihar lies in the catchment of the Kosi, Gandak, Bagmati, Burhi Gandak and Mahananda, and all of them descend from the young Himalayas in Nepal carrying a very large quantity of silt. The slope becomes almost flat as soon as the rivers enter the plains, so the water spreads out and the channels shift their course frequently, and the Kosi has moved many kilometres to the west over the last two centuries. After 1954 a long line of embankments was built along the Kosi and the other rivers to keep the water inside the channel. In the beginning the villages behind the embankment were protected, but the area reported as flood affected has actually increased since then. Breaches occur almost every year and the Kusaha breach of 2008 caused a very large disaster in Supaul and Madhepura. The villages left between the two embankments are flooded every season and have never been resettled properly. The state is now speaking of flood management rather than flood control, which includes forecasting, early warning by mobile message, raised platforms, boats and relief arrangements kept ready before the season.
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Q. No. 1General Studies IMax. marks 15
Q1

North Bihar faces floods every year due to rivers coming from Nepal. Kosi is called the sorrow of Bihar.? Embankments were built but they have not solved the problem.? Now the government is focusing on flood management. Better coordination with Nepal is needed. North Bihar lies in the catchment of the Kosi, Gandak, Bagmati, Burhi Gandak and Mahananda, and all of them descend from the young Himalayas in Nepal carrying a very large quantity of silt. The slope becomes almost flat as soon as the rivers enter the plains, so the water spreads out and the channels shift their course frequently, and the Kosi has moved many kilometres to the west over the last two centuries. After 1954 a long line of embankments was built along the Kosi and the other rivers to keep the water inside the channel. In the beginning the villages behind the embankment were protected, but the area reported as flood affected has actually increased since then. Breaches occur almost every year and the Kusaha breach of 2008 caused a very large disaster in Supaul and Madhepura. The villages left between the two embankments are flooded every season and have never been resettled properly. The state is now speaking of flood management rather than flood control, which includes forecasting, early warning by mobile message, raised platforms, boats and relief arrangements kept ready before the season.

Aggradation inside embankments as the reason the approach fails over timeDrainage congestion in the waterlogged belt of north Bihar
7/15
Page 1Marks for each expected point are written down the right margin
The pen marks on your page
VagueA phrase, not an explanation. The mark is in why: extreme sediment load and lateral channel migration.
VagueSay why they failed — riverbed aggradation inside the embankment raising the channel above the floodplain.
What the examiner wanted and did not find
  • Aggradation inside embankments as the reason the approach fails over time
  • Drainage congestion in the waterlogged belt of north Bihar
  • The Indo-Nepal Kosi and Gandak treaties and the high-dam question
Model answer for this question

Causes: Himalayan catchment with extreme sediment yield, abrupt gradient change at the plains, lateral channel migration of the Kosi, drainage congestion, and high rainfall variability. Evaluation: embankments transfer risk — the bed aggrades, the channel rides above the floodplain, and a breach becomes catastrophic rather than routine. Shift: flood forecasting, floodplain zoning, drainage restoration, resilient livelihoods, and treaty-based upstream cooperation.

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Evaluation reportIllustrative
Examiner criteria
Structural causes, with the physical mechanism2/4

Himalayan origin noted; sediment load, gradient change and channel migration are the causes and are missing.

Evaluation of the embankment approach2/4

The verdict is right; the reasoning behind it is absent.

Bihar-specific evidence — rivers, districts, institutions2/4

Kosi named. Bagmati, Gandak, Kamla Balan and the affected districts would strengthen it.

Way forward with specificity1/3

Nepal coordination is one point; drainage congestion and floodplain zoning are the others.

Total 7/15AverageAI estimate — not an official score

BPSC Mains at a glance

Conducting bodyBihar Public Service Commission
ModeHandwritten in an answer booklet
Papers5
MarkingBPSC Mains — examiner criteria
Marked the way BPSC Mains answers are marked — examiner criteria, against this exam's own conventions rather than a generic essay rubric.
BPSC has changed the status of the optional paper and the weight of the essay in recent examinations. Confirm against the notification for your cycle.

What BPSC Mains sets

The papers you sit, and what each is worth.

1General Hindi

Qualifying.

2Essay300 marks 180 min
3General Studies Paper I300 marks 180 min
4General Studies Paper II300 marks 180 min
5Optional subject paper

Treated as qualifying in recent cycles.

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