Reservation, Welfare and Social Justice in Tamil Nadu — Practice

Question 1

Give the four shares that make up Tamil Nadu's 69 per cent reservation.

Accepted Answer

Backward Classes 30, Most Backward Classes and Denotified Communities 20, Scheduled Castes 18 and Scheduled Tribes 1.

Question 2

Which amendment placed the Tamil Nadu reservation Act in the Ninth Schedule?

Accepted Answer

The 76th Constitutional Amendment, 1994.

Question 3

What was the effect of State of Madras v. Champakam Dorairajan, 1951?

Accepted Answer

The Supreme Court struck down communal reservation in educational seats. Parliament answered with the First Amendment, which added Article 15(4) to allow special provisions for backward classes.

Question 4

How did Indra Sawhney (1992) affect Tamil Nadu and how did the state respond?

Accepted Answer

The Supreme Court held that reservation should generally not exceed 50 per cent, which put Tamil Nadu's 69 per cent at risk. The state passed the 1993 Act, and the 76th Amendment of 1994 placed it in the Ninth Schedule.

Question 5

What happened to the 10.5 per cent Vanniyar internal reservation?

Accepted Answer

The Madras High Court struck it down in 2021 and the Supreme Court upheld the decision in 2022, mainly because the classification was not supported by adequate quantifiable data.

Question 6

Evaluate Tamil Nadu's social-justice model.

Accepted Answer

Strengths are the long reservation tradition, high school enrolment helped by midday meals, a universal public distribution system and women-focused schemes, which together improved social indicators. Limits are persistent caste discrimination and atrocities, the creamy-layer question within reserved groups, the fiscal burden of subsidies and the need for reliable caste data for new quotas. A balanced verdict credits the delivery record while noting that reservation alone does not end discrimination.

Question 7

What is the significance of the I. R. Coelho case for the Tamil Nadu Act?

Accepted Answer

In 2007 the Supreme Court held that laws placed in the Ninth Schedule after 1973 can be reviewed for violating the basic structure, so the Schedule is not a complete shield. The Tamil Nadu Act continues in force but is open to such review.

Question 8

Who expanded the school meal into the Noon Meal Scheme in 1982?

Accepted Answer

M. G. Ramachandran.

Practice — Reservation, Welfare and Social Justice in Tamil Nadu

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