Reproduction — Practice

Question 1

Which part of the male reproductive system produces the sperm cells?

Accepted Answer

Seminiferous tubules

Question 2

Where does fertilisation occur in human females?

Accepted Answer

Fallopian tube

Question 3

Why are egg cells larger than sperm cells?

Accepted Answer

They have a food store to help growth after fertilisation

Question 4

Which of these will affect the way a foetus grows?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 5

Why do fish and frogs produce a huge number of eggs each year?

Accepted Answer

Because fertilisation is external and left to chance, so only a small fraction of eggs will ever meet a sperm and survive.

Question 6

How are sperm cells adapted for their function?

Accepted Answer

The acrosome on the head penetrates the ovum, the nucleus carries the male genetic material, mitochondria in the middle piece supply energy, and the tail propels the cell.

Question 7

Write the differences between grafting and layering.

Accepted Answer

Grafting joins two separate plants, a rooted stock and a rootless scion, so their stems grow as one. Layering bends a branch of one plant into moist soil so it roots while still attached, and only then is it cut off.

Question 8

When the foetus is growing inside the uterus it needs nutrients. What provides these, and what is the job of the amniotic sac?

Accepted Answer

The placenta provides nutrients, through the umbilical cord. The amnion encloses the embryo in amniotic fluid, which keeps it moist and protects it from minor mechanical injury.

Question 9

What would be the consequences if there were no meiosis in organisms that reproduce sexually?

Accepted Answer

The chromosome number would double at every fertilisation — 46 to 92 to 184 to 368 — and the species could not maintain a constant chromosome number across generations.

Question 10

Explain the process of fertilisation in flowering plants.

Accepted Answer

A pollen grain germinates on the stigma into a pollen tube carrying two nuclei; the tube reaches the embryo sac and ruptures; one nucleus fuses with the egg to give the zygote and the other with the secondary nucleus to give endosperm — double fertilisation.

Practice — Reproduction

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