Information Processing — Practice

Question 1

What is data?

Accepted Answer

Any collection of information in the form of numerical figures giving the required information.

Question 2

How did people first record how many animals they owned?

Accepted Answer

By counting with stones, one stone for each animal. This was the first data-gathering method.

Question 3

In how many ways can the numbers 1, 2 and 3 be arranged?

Accepted Answer

Six ways: 123, 132, 213, 231, 312 and 321.

Question 4

How is the fifth tally mark drawn?

Accepted Answer

Across the previous four, making a bundle of five that is quick to count.

Question 5

State the rule for a 3 x 3 sudoku and give one completed example.

Accepted Answer

Each of the numbers 1, 2 and 3 must appear exactly once in every row and every column. One solution is rows 1 2 3, then 2 3 1, then 3 1 2.

Question 6

What is the magic total of a 3 x 3 magic square built from 1 to 9, and which number sits at the centre?

Accepted Answer

Every row, column and diagonal adds to 15, and 5 always sits in the centre.

Question 7

A pictograph key says one symbol stands for 10 kg of paddy. What do three and a half symbols represent?

Accepted Answer

3 x 10 = 30 kg, plus half of 10 which is 5 kg, giving 35 kg.

Question 8

Name three things every bar graph must have.

Accepted Answer

A scale up one side, a label under each bar, and bars of equal width. A title is needed too.

Question 9

Explain how you can be sure you have listed every arrangement of 1, 2 and 3.

Accepted Answer

Predict the count first: there are 3 choices for the first place, 2 for the second and 1 for the last, so 3 x 2 x 1 = 6. Then fix each number in turn as the first digit and list the ways of finishing, and check the list has exactly 6 entries.

Question 10

Balu asked 20 classmates their favourite snack and recorded chocolate 6, cake 4, biscuit 4, apple 3 and banana 3. How can he check his tally is complete?

Accepted Answer

Add the counts: 6 + 4 + 4 + 3 + 3 = 20, which matches the number of students asked. If the totals had not matched, a tally mark would have been missed or double counted.

Question 11

A pictograph and a bar graph can show the same data. When is a bar graph the better choice, and why?

Accepted Answer

When the numbers are large or awkward. A pictograph would need hundreds of small pictures, or fractions of a picture, whereas a bar graph simply uses a taller bar against a scale.

Practice — Information Processing

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