Origin and Evolution of Life — Practice

Question 1

What did the Miller–Urey experiment demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

That amino acids, the building blocks of life, can form from simple gases under early-Earth conditions.

Question 2

Differentiate homologous and analogous organs with one example each.

Accepted Answer

Homologous: same basic structure, different function (human and bat forelimbs — common ancestry); analogous: different structure, same function (insect and bird wings — convergent evolution).

Question 3

State Darwin's theory of natural selection.

Accepted Answer

Organisms show variation; those with favourable variations survive and reproduce more, so species change over generations (survival of the fittest).

Question 4

Give one example of a vestigial organ in humans.

Accepted Answer

The appendix (also wisdom teeth).

Question 5

What is chemical evolution?

Accepted Answer

The idea that life arose from simple molecules in the early ocean under primitive-Earth conditions.

Question 6

How does Lamarck's view differ from Darwin's?

Accepted Answer

Lamarck proposed inheritance of acquired characters (use and disuse); Darwin proposed natural selection of inherited variations.

Practice — Origin and Evolution of Life

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