The Making of a Global World — Practice

Question 1

What were the Silk Routes?

Accepted Answer

Ancient trade routes linking Asia with Europe and North Africa, carrying goods, ideas and religions.

✦ Answer: pre-modern trade routes connecting distant regions.

Question 2

Name one crop that reached India/Europe only after the discovery of the Americas.

Accepted Answer

Potato (also maize, tomato, chilli).

✦ Answer: potato (or maize/tomato/chilli).

Question 3

When was indentured labour migration from India abolished?

Accepted Answer

In 1921.

✦ Answer: 1921.

Question 4

Name and briefly explain the three flows of the nineteenth-century economy.

Accepted Answer

Step 1 — Trade: flow of goods such as cloth and wheat.

Step 2 — Labour: migration of people seeking work.

Step 3 — Capital: movement of investment/money.

✦ Answer: trade, labour and capital.

Question 5

How did smallpox aid European conquest of the Americas?

Accepted Answer

Step 1 — Native Americans had no immunity to European germs.

Step 2 — Smallpox spread ahead of the colonisers, killing vast numbers and weakening resistance.

✦ Answer: it decimated native populations, easing conquest.

Question 6

Why was indentured labour called 'a new system of slavery'?

Accepted Answer

Step 1 — Workers were recruited by deceit and bound by harsh contracts.

Step 2 — Living and working conditions were extremely poor, with little freedom.

✦ Answer: the coercive recruitment and harsh conditions resembled slavery.

Question 7

Explain the main causes of the Great Depression.

Accepted Answer

Step 1 — Agricultural overproduction lowered prices, ruining farmers.

Step 2 — The US withdrew overseas loans, causing failures abroad.

Step 3 — Falling incomes and demand led to mass unemployment worldwide.

✦ Answer: overproduction, loan withdrawal and collapsing demand.

Question 8

How did the Great Depression affect India?

Accepted Answer

Step 1 — Agricultural prices crashed, hurting peasants and exporters.

Step 2 — Peasants' debts worsened as incomes fell but rents/taxes stayed.

Step 3 — India kept exporting gold, aiding global recovery but not Indian farmers.

✦ Answer: falling prices, deepening peasant debt and gold outflow.

Question 9

What was the Bretton Woods system and which institutions did it create?

Accepted Answer

Step 1 — A 1944 agreement to rebuild and stabilise the post-war world economy.

Step 2 — It created the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank.

Step 3 — These managed finance and funded reconstruction.

✦ Answer: the post-war economic order that set up the IMF and World Bank.

Question 10

How did refrigerated ships change trade?

Accepted Answer

Step 1 — Earlier, live animals were shipped, which was costly and wasteful.

Step 2 — Refrigeration allowed meat to be shipped from the Americas/Australia to Europe cheaply.

✦ Answer: they let perishable meat be transported long distances, lowering food costs.

Practice — The Making of a Global World

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