Forest and Wildlife Resources — Practice

Question 1

What is biodiversity?

Accepted Answer

The variety of plant, animal and micro-organism life and the ecosystems they form.

✦ Answer: the variety of all life and ecosystems.

Question 2

In which year was Project Tiger launched?

Accepted Answer

In 1973.

✦ Answer: 1973.

Question 3

Give one example of an endangered species in India.

Accepted Answer

The tiger (also Indian rhino, black buck).

✦ Answer: tiger.

Question 4

State two major causes of the depletion of forests and wildlife in India.

Accepted Answer

Step 1 — Expansion of agriculture, dams and mining destroys habitats.

Step 2 — Hunting/poaching and forest fires further reduce wildlife.

✦ Answer: habitat destruction (development) and poaching/fires.

Question 5

Differentiate reserved and protected forests.

Accepted Answer

Step 1 — Reserved forests are the most valuable and are strictly protected.

Step 2 — Protected forests are guarded from further depletion but allow some use.

✦ Answer: reserved = most valuable/strict; protected = safeguarded from further loss.

Question 6

What was the Chipko movement?

Accepted Answer

Step 1 — A community movement in the Himalayas where villagers hugged trees to prevent felling.

Step 2 — It succeeded and promoted community-led afforestation.

✦ Answer: a tree-hugging movement that stopped felling and encouraged afforestation.

Question 7

How does the Wildlife (Protection) Act help conservation?

Accepted Answer

Step 1 — Enacted in 1972, it gives legal protection to listed species.

Step 2 — It bans hunting of protected animals and sets up protected habitats.

Step 3 — It provides the framework for reserves and projects like Project Tiger.

✦ Answer: it legally protects species and habitats and bans hunting.

Question 8

How do communities like the Bishnois protect wildlife?

Accepted Answer

Step 1 — The Bishnois of Rajasthan protect animals and trees as a religious duty.

Step 2 — They safeguard blackbuck, chinkara and other species and their habitat.

Step 3 — Sacred groves and such traditions conserve biodiversity locally.

✦ Answer: through religious tradition, protecting animals and sacred groves.

Question 9

Why is community participation important in conservation?

Accepted Answer

Step 1 — Local people depend on and understand forests best.

Step 2 — When they are stakeholders (e.g. Joint Forest Management), they protect and restore forests effectively.

Step 3 — Excluding them often leads to conflict and failure.

✦ Answer: locals as stakeholders conserve more effectively than exclusion.

Question 10

What are endemic and extinct species? Give an example of each.

Accepted Answer

Step 1 — Endemic: found only in a particular area (e.g. Nicobar pigeon).

Step 2 — Extinct: no longer found anywhere (e.g. Asiatic cheetah in India).

✦ Answer: endemic = area-restricted (Nicobar pigeon); extinct = gone (Asiatic cheetah).

Practice — Forest and Wildlife Resources

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