How NEET Biology Works — Practice

Question 1

The cell theory was proposed by:
(a) Schleiden and Schwann (b) Watson and Crick (c) Darwin and Wallace (d) Mendel

Accepted Answer

(a) Schleiden and Schwann.

Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann proposed the cell theory (all living things are made of cells); Rudolf Virchow later added that cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Question 2

The hereditary material in most organisms is:
(a) DNA (b) RNA (c) protein (d) lipid

Accepted Answer

(a) DNA.

DNA is the genetic material in most organisms (some viruses use RNA). It stores the instructions passed from one generation to the next.

Question 3

The site of photosynthesis in a plant cell is the:
(a) chloroplast (b) mitochondrion (c) nucleus (d) ribosome

Accepted Answer

(a) chloroplast.

Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and carry out photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy (glucose).

Question 4

The functional unit of the kidney is the:
(a) nephron (b) neuron (c) alveolus (d) nephridium

Accepted Answer

(a) nephron.

The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney, filtering blood and forming urine. (The neuron is the unit of the nervous system, the alveolus of the lung.)

Question 5

Oxygenated blood is carried from the lungs to the heart by the:
(a) pulmonary vein (b) pulmonary artery (c) vena cava (d) aorta

Accepted Answer

(a) pulmonary vein.

The pulmonary vein is the exception that carries oxygenated blood (from lungs to the left atrium); the pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

Question 6

In a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous tall plants (Tt), the phenotypic ratio in the offspring is:
(a) 3 tall : 1 short (b) 1 : 1 (c) 9 : 3 : 3 : 1 (d) all tall

Accepted Answer

(a) 3 tall : 1 short.

A Tt × Tt cross gives genotypes 1 TT : 2 Tt : 1 tt, so three show the dominant tall phenotype and one the recessive short — Mendel's 3:1 monohybrid ratio.

Question 7

In an ecosystem, organisms that break down dead organic matter are called:
(a) decomposers (b) producers (c) primary consumers (d) carnivores

Accepted Answer

(a) decomposers.

Decomposers (bacteria and fungi) break down dead organic matter, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem. Producers make food; consumers eat other organisms.

Question 8

The five-kingdom classification was proposed by:
(a) R. H. Whittaker (b) Carolus Linnaeus (c) Ernst Haeckel (d) Aristotle

Accepted Answer

(a) R. H. Whittaker.

Whittaker (1969) proposed the five kingdoms — Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia — based on cell structure, body organisation, nutrition and phylogeny.

Practice — How NEET Biology Works

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