Rural Development Programmes & Panchayati Raj — Practice

Question 1

In which year was MGNREGA enacted?

Accepted Answer

2005.

Question 2

Which constitutional amendment gave Panchayati Raj Institutions constitutional status?

Accepted Answer

The 73rd Constitutional Amendment, 1992.

Question 3

Name the three tiers of the standard Panchayati Raj structure.

Accepted Answer

Gram Panchayat (village), Panchayat Samiti (block), Zilla Parishad (district).

Question 4

What happens under MGNREGA if a household requesting work does not receive it within 15 days?

Accepted Answer

The applicant becomes entitled to an unemployment allowance — a built-in enforcement mechanism reflecting MGNREGA's status as a legal right, not a discretionary benefit.

Question 5

What is the minimum women's reservation in Panchayati Raj Institutions under the 73rd Amendment?

Accepted Answer

Not less than one-third of total seats.

Question 6

What data source does PMAY-G use to identify beneficiaries, and why was this chosen over a fresh survey?

Accepted Answer

Socio-Economic Caste Census (SECC) data — chosen to reduce duplication of effort and the scope for local-level selection bias, since it was already collected through a standardised nationwide process.

Question 7

Explain the significance of the State Finance Commission provision in the 73rd Amendment.

Accepted Answer

The 73rd Amendment mandates a State Finance Commission every five years to recommend the distribution of financial resources between the state and its panchayats. This gives panchayats a constitutionally-anchored claim to a share of state resources, rather than leaving panchayat funding purely to state government discretion — a structural safeguard for panchayat financial autonomy.

Question 8

Explain why MGNREGA is taught alongside Panchayati Raj rather than as a purely central-government scheme.

Accepted Answer

MGNREGA's actual implementation runs substantially through Gram Panchayats, which plan works, maintain job cards, and execute a significant share of projects at the local level. Its delivery mechanism is deeply local, making Panchayati Raj's constitutional structure (established by the 73rd Amendment) the practical machinery through which the scheme's legal guarantee is actually realised on the ground.

Practice — Rural Development Programmes & Panchayati Raj

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