Social Justice, Land Reforms and Backward Class Movements — Practice

Question 1

When did the Havanur Commission submit its report, and who headed it?

Accepted Answer

On 19 November 1975; it was headed by L. G. Havanur.

Question 2

Name the central land reform law of Karnataka and its year.

Accepted Answer

The Karnataka Land Reforms Act, 1974.

Question 3

What was the Miller Committee and why is it significant?

Accepted Answer

A committee appointed in 1918 under Leslie Miller to examine the low share of non-Brahmin communities in Mysore's government service. On its advice the state introduced reservation for them in the early 1920s, decades before the Constitution.

Question 4

State the main provisions of the Karnataka Land Reforms Act of 1974.

Accepted Answer

It abolished older tenancy forms, gave tenants ownership of the land they tilled and set a ceiling on landholdings, so surplus land could be redistributed.

Question 5

Evaluate the success of land reforms in Karnataka.

Accepted Answer

The 1974 Act gave many tenants ownership and reduced the hold of large landlords, which is its main achievement. Its limits were weak land records, avoidance of the ceiling and uneven implementation across districts. A balanced evaluation credits the gain in tenant security while noting that surplus land was less than expected and that later fragmentation of holdings created new problems of small farm size.

Question 6

Explain regional imbalance in Karnataka and one constitutional response.

Accepted Answer

The south is more developed, while the north and parts of Kalyana-Karnataka lag in infrastructure, education and jobs. Article 371(J), inserted for the Hyderabad-Karnataka region, gives special provisions in education and employment. Its limit is that provisions help access to seats and posts but do not by themselves create the schools, roads and industry the region lacks.

Question 7

Name one Dalit and one farmers' organisation of Karnataka and their role.

Accepted Answer

The Dalit Sangharsha Samithi, formed in the mid-1970s, organised marches and protest and shaped Dalit literature. The Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha pressed for fair prices and relief from debt.

Question 8

What principle did the Havanur Commission establish for identifying backwardness?

Accepted Answer

That backwardness should be identified by evidence on social and educational status, not by caste name alone.

Practice — Social Justice, Land Reforms and Backward Class Movements

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