Western Ghats, Wildlife and Water in Karnataka — Practice

Question 1

In which year were the Western Ghats inscribed as a UNESCO natural site?

Accepted Answer

2012.

Question 2

Why is Bandipur significant among Karnataka's reserves?

Accepted Answer

It was one of the original Project Tiger reserves, established in 1973.

Question 3

Compare the Gadgil and Kasturirangan reports.

Accepted Answer

The Gadgil Committee (2011) proposed treating the whole Western Ghats as ecologically sensitive in three graded zones with a strong local role. The Kasturirangan Committee (2013) narrowed this to about 37 per cent of the Ghats as an ecologically sensitive area with bans on mining, quarrying and large polluting industry. States resisted parts of both over livelihoods.

Question 4

Why are wildlife corridors important?

Accepted Answer

Tigers and elephants range across several reserves, so corridors link protected areas and allow movement, breeding and gene flow. Without them, a reserve becomes an island and conflict with people rises.

Question 5

Suggest a layered response to human-elephant conflict in Karnataka.

Accepted Answer

Combine physical barriers such as elephant-proof trenches and solar fencing, early-warning systems and rapid response teams, prompt and fair compensation for crop loss, and corridor management. Fences alone can shift conflict where corridors are blocked, and slow compensation drives retaliation, so the measures must work together with community participation.

Question 6

How can Karnataka balance Western Ghats conservation with local livelihoods?

Accepted Answer

Protect core forest and corridors strictly, regulate mining and large industry in sensitive zones, allow low-impact livelihoods such as regulated agriculture and eco-tourism, involve local communities in decisions and offer alternatives where activity is restricted. The middle path accepts that both reports raised real concerns.

Question 7

Name three measures to improve Bengaluru's water security.

Accepted Answer

Lake restoration, wastewater treatment and reuse, rainwater harvesting, groundwater regulation and reducing leakage in supply networks.

Question 8

What must you attach when quoting Karnataka's elephant population?

Accepted Answer

The census year, because the count changes between censuses.

Practice — Western Ghats, Wildlife and Water in Karnataka

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