Materials Science and ICT in Engineering — Practice

Question 1

How many atoms per unit cell are there in BCC and FCC?

Accepted Answer

BCC has 2 and FCC has 4.

Question 2

At what carbon percentage and temperature does the eutectoid reaction occur?

Accepted Answer

At 0.8 percent carbon and 723 C, where austenite becomes pearlite.

Question 3

Derive the packing factor of FCC.

Accepted Answer

Atoms touch along the face diagonal, so 4r = a root 2 and a = 2 root 2 r. Four atoms fill 4 x (4/3) pi r^3 divided by (2 root 2 r)^3 = 0.74.

Question 4

Distinguish annealing, normalising and tempering.

Accepted Answer

Annealing is slow furnace cooling for a soft, stress-free steel. Normalising is air cooling for finer grains and higher strength. Tempering is reheating a quenched part below the critical temperature to gain toughness at some loss of hardness.

Question 5

Name the OSI layers from the bottom and place TCP and a router.

Accepted Answer

Physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, application. TCP is in the transport layer and a router in the network layer.

Question 6

List four ways of strengthening a metal and the principle behind them.

Accepted Answer

Work hardening, solid-solution strengthening, grain refinement and precipitation hardening. Each obstructs dislocation motion, so more stress is needed for plastic flow.

Question 7

What is fatigue failure and what is the endurance limit?

Accepted Answer

Failure under repeated cyclic stress below the yield strength. The endurance limit is the stress below which a ferrous metal survives indefinite cycles, while non-ferrous metals show no sharp limit.

Question 8

Name two Indian platforms for digital documents and public procurement.

Accepted Answer

DigiLocker for documents and the Government e-Marketplace (GeM) for procurement.

Practice — Materials Science and ICT in Engineering

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