Science, Technology and Environment — Practice

Question 1

Passage: The successful launch, cheered across the country, was the latest achievement of India's national space agency.
Which organisation is responsible for India's space programme?
(a) ISRO (b) DRDO (c) BARC (d) NASA

Accepted Answer

(a) ISRO.

The Indian Space Research Organisation runs India's space programme. (b) does defence research, (c) atomic research, and (d) is the United States' space agency — none is India's.

Question 2

Passage: The mission's lander touched down near the south pole of Earth's only natural satellite.
India's Chandrayaan missions are directed at exploring:
(a) the Moon (b) Mars (c) the Sun (d) Venus

Accepted Answer

(a) the Moon.

The Chandrayaan programme explores the Moon — Earth's only natural satellite, as the passage hints. (b), (c) and (d) are targets of other missions, not Chandrayaan.

Question 3

Passage: Delegates reaffirmed their commitment to the 2015 accord aimed at holding the rise in global temperatures well below two degrees.
The Paris Agreement primarily concerns:
(a) limiting climate change and global temperature rise (b) nuclear disarmament (c) reducing trade tariffs (d) protecting the ozone layer

Accepted Answer

(a) limiting climate change and global temperature rise.

The Paris Agreement (2015) aims to hold global warming well below 2°C. (d) is the concern of the Montreal Protocol, not Paris, and (b) and (c) are unrelated fields.

Question 4

Passage: The report credited a landmark 1987 treaty with the slow healing of the protective layer high in the atmosphere.
The Montreal Protocol was adopted to protect:
(a) the ozone layer (b) coral reefs (c) migratory birds (d) tropical rainforests

Accepted Answer

(a) the ozone layer.

The Montreal Protocol phases out ozone-depleting substances to protect the ozone layer. (b), (c) and (d) are addressed by other conventions, not the Montreal Protocol.

Question 5

Passage: The panel's latest assessment, drawing on thousands of studies, warned that warming was accelerating.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a body that:
(a) assesses the science of climate change (b) regulates international trade (c) conducts space missions (d) settles boundary disputes

Accepted Answer

(a) assesses the science of climate change.

The IPCC reviews and synthesises climate science to inform policymakers; it does not itself set targets. (b), (c) and (d) belong to other bodies entirely.

Question 6

Passage: With its low-cost orbiter, India became one of the few nations to reach the red planet on its first attempt.
India's Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) was sent to study:
(a) Mars (b) the Moon (c) Jupiter (d) the Sun

Accepted Answer

(a) Mars.

The Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) studied Mars, 'the red planet' of the passage. (b), (c) and (d) are targets of other missions, not Mangalyaan.

Question 7

Passage: Negotiators from nearly two hundred nations gathered for the annual climate summit held under the UN climate convention.
The annual UN climate summit is known as the 'COP', which stands for:
(a) Conference of the Parties (b) Council of Presidents (c) Committee on Pollution (d) Convention on Protection

Accepted Answer

(a) Conference of the Parties.

COP stands for the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC — the annual gathering where climate negotiations take place. (b), (c) and (d) are not what the abbreviation means.

Question 8

Passage: Months after its lunar success, the space agency launched a probe towards a vantage point from which it could continuously observe our nearest star.
India's Aditya-L1 mission was launched to study:
(a) the Sun (b) the Moon (c) Mars (d) Saturn

Accepted Answer

(a) the Sun.

Aditya-L1 is India's solar observation mission, positioned to study the Sun — 'our nearest star'. (b), (c) and (d) are the targets of other missions, not Aditya-L1.

Practice — Science, Technology and Environment

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