Structural Organisation in Animals — Practice

Question 1

What are intercalated discs and where are they found?

Accepted Answer

Intercalated discs are specialised junctions between cardiac muscle cells. They connect the cells mechanically and electrically (via gap junctions), allowing synchronised contraction of the heart.

Question 2

Why is blood considered a connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Blood consists of cells (RBCs, WBCs, platelets) suspended in a fluid extracellular matrix (plasma), which fits the definition of connective tissue. It also connects body parts by transporting materials between them.

Question 3

Describe the respiratory system of the cockroach.

Accepted Answer

The cockroach has a tracheal system. Air enters through 10 pairs of spiracles and passes through branching tracheae and fine tracheoles that deliver oxygen directly to the tissues. The haemolymph plays no role in gas transport.

Question 4

Differentiate between a tendon and a ligament.

Accepted Answer

A tendon (dense regular connective tissue) connects muscle to bone and is strong and inelastic. A ligament connects bone to bone and is more elastic, allowing flexibility at joints.

Question 5

How many Malpighian tubules does a cockroach have and what is their function?

Accepted Answer

A cockroach has about 100-150 Malpighian tubules. They excrete nitrogenous waste (mainly uric acid) from the haemolymph into the hindgut, functioning like kidneys.

Practice — Structural Organisation in Animals

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