UPSC CSEScience & Technology
Science & Technology for UPSC CSE
Space, nuclear, biotechnology, digital public infrastructure, AI governance and indigenous R&D capacity.
📊 High yield and heavily current-affairs-linked — but the examinable content is application and governance, not technical detail
How toppers play this section
S&T questions are not testing technical knowledge — they ask what a technology enables, what it risks, and how it should be governed, which is why R&D spending, regulation and the indigenisation question carry more marks than the science itself.
Chapters
Built to the UPSC CSE blueprint — notes, shortcuts, solved PYQ-style examples and practice in every chapter.
Topic-wise weightage in UPSC CSE
Expected question counts from previous-year paper analyses. Topics with an arrow already have a full chapter.
| Topic | Prelims Q | Mains Q | Priority |
|---|---|---|---|
| Science, technology, and indigenous innovation | ~15 | High |
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