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Tamil Nadu (TNBSE)Class 4 Mathematics★ 4-5 marks in TN Class 4 exams — rupee-paise operations, profit/loss introduction, bill preparation

Money

Samacheer Kalvi (TN State Board) Class 4 Mathematics — Chapter 7, Money. Profit, loss and daily transactions. Study notes, key concepts, worked examples, practice questions and quick revision for exam preparation.

⏱ 12 min readMedium difficulty✓ Free · NCERT-aligned

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By the end of this chapter you'll be able to…

1Write money in ₹ and paise format: ₹45.75
2Convert ₹ to paise (×100) and paise to ₹ (÷100)
3Define cost price (CP — price shopkeeper pays) and selling price (SP — price shopkeeper sells at)
4Calculate profit (SP − CP when SP > CP) and loss (CP − SP when CP > SP)
5Prepare a simple bill with multiple items, calculate total, and determine change

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Why this chapter matters

Class 4 Money introduces profit and loss for the first time — children learn that shopkeepers buy at cost price (CP) and sell at selling price (SP). If SP > CP, it is profit; if SP < CP, it is loss. They also learn to prepare a simple bill, calculate total amounts, and determine change. These are real-world financial skills used every day.

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Money — Class 4 Mathematics (Samacheer Kalvi)

TN State Board (Samacheer Kalvi) Class 4 Mathematics, Chapter 7. Profit, loss and daily transactions.

1. About this chapter

This chapter covers Money as part of the Class 4 Samacheer Kalvi Mathematics curriculum. It deals with profit, loss and daily transactions and builds conceptual understanding essential for the TN School Term Exam.

By the end of this chapter, students will be able to:

Calculate profit and loss
Solve real-life money problems

2. Key concepts

Concept 1: Calculate profit and loss.
Concept 2: Solve real-life money problems.

3. Important terms and formulas

Term / Formula	Description
Calculate profit and loss…	Calculate profit and loss
Solve real-life money problems…	Solve real-life money problems

4. Worked examples

Example 1. Applying a key concept from this chapter.

Solution: Identify the relevant principle → apply the formula or rule → state the answer with correct units.

Example 2. A typical exam-style question on money.

Solution: Break the problem into steps, use the appropriate formula and verify the answer.

5. Common mistakes

Mistake: Skipping units or forgetting to state them. Fix: Always write units alongside every quantity and answer.
Mistake: Confusing similar terms or concepts in this chapter. Fix: Make a comparison table of the terms during revision.

6. Practice (exam-style)

Define the main term or principle covered in Chapter 7.
Give two real-life examples related to money.
Solve a short numerical or descriptive question from this chapter.
State one important formula and explain each symbol.

7. Answer key (hints)

Refer to section 2 (Key concepts) above for the definition.
Examples should be drawn from daily experience and local context.
Apply the formula from section 3, show all steps clearly.
Formula with units — refer to the textbook glossary for symbol meanings.

8. Quick revision

Class 4 Mathematics — Chapter 7: Money.
Core idea: Profit, loss and daily transactions.
Key outcomes: Calculate profit and loss; Solve real-life money problems.
Always revise diagrams / tables from the Samacheer Kalvi textbook before the exam.

Key formulas & results

Everything you need to memorise, in one card. Screenshot this for revision.

Profit and Loss

Profit = SP − CP (when SP > CP). Loss = CP − SP (when CP > SP). Example: Shopkeeper buys a toy for ₹80 (CP), sells for ₹100 (SP). Profit = 100−80 = ₹20.

If CP = SP, there is no profit, no loss — this is called 'break even'.

Bill preparation

List items with quantity and rate per item. Calculate amount for each (quantity × rate). Sum all amounts = total. If paid with a higher denomination note, change = amount paid − total.

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Common mistakes & fixes

These are the exact errors that cost students marks in board exams. Read them once, save yourself the trouble.

WATCH OUT

✗ Calculating profit% or loss% at Class 4 level

✓ At Class 4, only find the actual profit/loss amount in rupees, not the percentage. Percentage profit/loss comes in Class 7-8.

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