By the end of this chapter you'll be able to…

  • 1Describe Matilda's character and discontent
  • 2Narrate the borrowing, loss and secret replacement of the necklace
  • 3Explain the ten years of hardship and how Matilda changed
  • 4Explain the final twist and its irony
  • 5Discuss the themes of honesty, contentment and vanity
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Why this chapter matters
A world-famous twist story that the RBSE board loves for value-based and long-answer questions on honesty, contentment and vanity. Its clear plot and moral make it a dependable high scorer.

The Necklace — RBSE Class 10 English (Footprints without Feet)

A borrowed diamond necklace, one glittering evening, and a single careless loss — and a whole life is destroyed. Guy de Maupassant's classic story follows a woman who longs for luxury she cannot afford, and shows, with a devastating final twist, how vanity and dishonesty about our means can cost us everything.


1. Matilda's discontent

Matilda Loisel was a pretty, charming woman who felt she had been born for a life of luxury — but she was married to a modest clerk in the Ministry of Education and lived a simple, middle-class life. She was perpetually unhappy, tormented by her plain home and clothes, dreaming endlessly of elegant dinners, jewels and rich admirers. Her discontent poisoned her happiness.


2. The invitation and the necklace

One day her husband, Monsieur Loisel, proudly brought home an invitation to a grand ball at the Ministry. Instead of being pleased, Matilda cried — she had nothing to wear. Her kind husband gave her the 400 francs he had saved (for a gun) to buy a dress. Still she was unhappy: she had no jewels. Her husband suggested she borrow some from her rich friend, Madame Forestier. Matilda visited her and borrowed a beautiful diamond necklace.

At the ball, Matilda was a triumph — the prettiest, most admired woman there, radiant with joy. But when they returned home in the early hours, she made a horrifying discovery: the necklace was gone.


3. Ten years of ruin

They searched everywhere in vain. Too ashamed to confess, they decided to replace it secretly. They found a similar diamond necklace worth 36,000 francs. To buy it, Monsieur Loisel used his inheritance of 18,000 francs and borrowed the rest at ruinous interest, ruining themselves financially. They returned the new necklace to Madame Forestier, who did not notice the substitution.

Then began ten years of grinding poverty and hard labour to repay the enormous debt. They dismissed their maid and moved to a cheap attic. Matilda did all the heavy housework herself — scrubbing floors, washing clothes, bargaining at shops. Monsieur Loisel worked at extra jobs at night. In ten years, Matilda grew old, coarse and worn — the pretty woman was gone. But at last the whole debt, with interest, was paid.


4. The shattering twist

Years later, worn and aged, Matilda met Madame Forestier by chance, still young and beautiful, in a park. Matilda, now with nothing to hide, told her the whole story — how she had lost the necklace, replaced it, and paid for it with ten years of misery.

Madame Forestier, deeply moved, took her hands and revealed the crushing truth:

"Oh, my poor Matilda! Why, my necklace was paste (an imitation). It was worth at most only five hundred francs!"

The diamonds Matilda had spent ten years of her life to replace had been fake all along — a cruel, final irony.


5. Themes

  • Vanity and discontent — Matilda's endless craving for a life beyond her means is the root of her ruin.
  • Honesty vs pride — had she simply confessed the loss, the disaster could have been avoided; false pride destroyed her.
  • The irony of fate — ten years of suffering for a necklace that was worthless.
  • Hard work and dignity — ironically, poverty and labour finally make Matilda honest and hard-working, though at a terrible price.

6. Closing thought

"The Necklace" is a masterpiece of the twist ending, but its power is moral. Matilda is ruined not by bad luck alone but by two flaws: a discontent that makes her ashamed of her honest, comfortable life, and a false pride that stops her confessing the loss. Maupassant's cruel final line — the necklace was paste — hammers home the lesson: appearances deceive, vanity is costly, and honesty would have saved everything. Ten years of a woman's life are the price of a lie she told to keep up appearances.

For the RBSE board, remember Matilda's discontent, the borrowing, loss and secret replacement of the necklace, the ten years of hardship, and the final twist (the necklace was fake). Value-based questions on honesty, contentment and the dangers of vanity are common.

Key formulas & results

Everything you need to memorise, in one card. Screenshot this for revision.

Author
Guy de Maupassant (a twist-ending short story)
French master of the short story.
Matilda Loisel
Pretty but discontented; craves luxury beyond her means
Married to a modest clerk.
The necklace
Borrowed from Madame Forestier for the Ministry ball; then lost
Triumph then disaster.
The replacement
A similar necklace bought for 36,000 francs (inheritance + heavy debt)
Ruined them financially.
Ten years
A decade of poverty and hard labour to repay the debt
Matilda grows old and coarse.
The twist
Madame Forestier reveals the original was paste (fake), worth ~500 francs
Cruel final irony.
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Common mistakes & fixes

These are the exact errors that cost students marks in board exams. Read them once, save yourself the trouble.

WATCH OUT
Saying Matilda confessed the loss to Madame Forestier
She did NOT confess at the time — out of pride and shame she secretly replaced the necklace, which caused the ruin. She tells the truth only ten years later.
WATCH OUT
Getting the values wrong
The replacement cost 36,000 francs; the original 'diamonds' were paste worth at most 500 francs — the heart of the irony.
WATCH OUT
Blaming only bad luck
Matilda's ruin comes from her flaws — discontent and false pride — as much as from the loss. Honesty would have avoided the disaster.
WATCH OUT
Forgetting how she changed
Ten years of hard labour turned the pretty, dreamy Matilda into an old, coarse, hard-working woman — a key point for character questions.
WATCH OUT
Missing the moral
The story warns against vanity and dishonesty and in favour of contentment and honesty — not just a clever twist.

Practice problems

Try each one yourself before tapping "Show solution". Active recall > rereading.

Q1EASY· Fact-recall
From whom did Matilda borrow the necklace, and for what occasion?
Show solution
✦ Answer: from her friend Madame Forestier, for the grand ball at the Ministry.
Q2EASY· Fact-recall
How much did the replacement necklace cost?
Show solution
✦ Answer: 36,000 francs.
Q3EASY· Twist
What was the shocking truth about the original necklace?
Show solution
It was paste (an imitation), worth at most only about five hundred francs. ✦ Answer: it was fake/paste, worth barely 500 francs.
Q4MEDIUM· Character
Why was Matilda always unhappy at the start of the story?
Show solution
Step 1 — She felt she was born for a life of luxury but was married to a modest clerk and lived a simple, middle-class life. Step 2 — She constantly dreamt of elegance, jewels and admiration she could not have, so she was perpetually discontented. ✦ Answer: her craving for wealth and elegance beyond her means made her discontented with her honest, simple life.
Q5MEDIUM· Plot
What did the Loisels do when they could not find the lost necklace?
Show solution
Step 1 — Too ashamed to confess to Madame Forestier, they decided to replace it secretly. Step 2 — They bought a similar necklace for 36,000 francs, using the husband's inheritance and borrowing the rest at ruinous interest. ✦ Answer: they secretly bought a replacement for 36,000 francs, ruining themselves with debt.
Q6MEDIUM· Change
How did the ten years of hardship change Matilda?
Show solution
Step 1 — To repay the debt, she did all the heavy housework herself and lived in poverty for ten years. Step 2 — The pretty, delicate woman became old, coarse and hard-looking — but also genuinely hard-working. ✦ Answer: she was transformed from a pretty, dreamy woman into an aged, coarse but hard-working one.
Q7HARD· Theme
How could Matilda's tragedy have been avoided? What does this teach us?
Show solution
Step 1 — Had Matilda been content with her honest, comfortable life, she would not have needed to borrow the necklace at all. Step 2 — When it was lost, if she had simply confessed the truth to Madame Forestier, she would have learned the necklace was fake and been spared the ruin. Step 3 — Instead, her vanity led her to borrow, and her false pride stopped her confessing. Step 4 — The story teaches contentment with what we have and honesty rather than pretence. ✦ Answer: contentment would have prevented the borrowing and honesty would have exposed the fake — teaching the value of both.
Q8HARD· Value-based
What values does 'The Necklace' teach through Matilda's story?
Show solution
Step 1 — Contentment — endless craving for what we cannot afford brings misery. Step 2 — Honesty — telling the truth about the loss would have saved everything; pretence is costly. Step 3 — Not judging by appearances — the 'diamonds' were fake, as looks can deceive. Step 4 — The dignity of honest hard work, though Matilda learns it at a terrible price. ✦ Answer: be content, be honest, don't be fooled by appearances, and value honest work over vanity.

5-minute revision

The whole chapter, distilled. Read this the night before the exam.

  • Author: Guy de Maupassant; a twist-ending short story.
  • Matilda Loisel: pretty but discontented, craving luxury beyond her clerk husband's means.
  • For the Ministry ball she buys a dress (400 francs) and borrows a diamond necklace from Madame Forestier.
  • She is a triumph at the ball but loses the necklace on the way home.
  • Too proud to confess, the Loisels replace it with one costing 36,000 francs (inheritance + heavy debt).
  • They endure ten years of poverty and hard labour to repay the debt; Matilda grows old and coarse.
  • The twist: Madame Forestier reveals the original necklace was paste (fake), worth ~500 francs.
  • Themes: vanity, discontent, honesty vs pride, and the irony of fate.

Rajasthan (RBSE) marks blueprint

Where the marks come from in this chapter — so you can plan your prep.

Typical chapter weightage: 5–7 marks

Question typeMarks eachTypical countWhat it tests
MCQ / extract-based11–2The ball, the values, the twist
Short answer2–31–2Matilda's discontent; the replacement; the change
Long answer4–51How the tragedy could be avoided; value-based question
Prep strategy
  • Fix the plot: discontent → ball/necklace → loss → 36,000-franc replacement → ten years → twist
  • Remember the key figures (36,000 vs 500 francs)
  • Prepare the 'how it could be avoided' answer (contentment + honesty)
  • Prepare a value-based answer on vanity, honesty and appearances

Where this shows up in the real world

This chapter isn't just an exam topic — it lives in the world around you.

Contentment and simple living

A timeless warning against chasing status and luxury beyond one's means.

The value of honesty

It shows how confessing a mistake early can prevent far greater harm.

Not judging by appearances

The fake 'diamonds' teach that looks and status symbols can deceive.

Understanding irony

A model twist ending for studying situational irony.

Financial prudence

It illustrates the danger of ruinous debt and living beyond one's means.

Character writing

Matilda's arc is excellent for studying characterisation and change.

Exam strategy

Battle-tested tips from teachers and toppers for this chapter.

  1. Keep the plot and the key sums (36,000 vs 500 francs) accurate.
  2. For 'how avoided', give both contentment and honesty.
  3. Show Matilda's transformation over the ten years for character questions.
  4. Explain the twist and its irony clearly.
  5. In value-based answers, name the values (contentment, honesty, appearances).
  6. For extract questions, place the moment (ball, loss, twist).

Going beyond the textbook

For olympiad aspirants and curious learners — topics that build on this chapter.

  • The twist/surprise ending as perfected by Maupassant and O. Henry.
  • Realism in 19th-century French fiction.
  • How a single object (the necklace) can structure a whole story.
  • Class and social aspiration as literary themes.

Where else this chapter is tested

CBSE board isn't the only one — other exams test this chapter too.

RBSE Class 10 Board (BSER Ajmer)High — value-based and long-answer questions most years
NTSE / state scholarshipLow–Medium — comprehension
CBSE/other board EnglishHigh — same prescribed text
Olympiads (English/IEO)Medium — comprehension and irony

Questions students ask

The real ones — pulled from the Q&A community and tutor sessions.

Yes. RBSE prescribes the NCERT reader 'Footprints without Feet' for Class 10 English, so this Guy de Maupassant story is the same. RBSE (BSER Ajmer) sets the exam pattern and marking.

She was invited to a grand ball but felt she had no jewels to look elegant. Unhappy with her simple means, she borrowed a beautiful diamond necklace from her rich friend Madame Forestier so she could shine at the party.

In two ways: if Matilda had been content with her honest, comfortable life she would never have needed to borrow the necklace; and when it was lost, if she had simply confessed to Madame Forestier, she would have discovered it was a cheap imitation and been spared ten years of ruin.

After the Loisels spend ten years in poverty repaying the huge debt for the replacement necklace, Madame Forestier reveals that the original necklace was made of paste — an imitation worth at most about five hundred francs. Their suffering was for a fake.

It warns against vanity, discontent and false pride, and teaches the value of contentment and honesty. Matilda's craving for luxury and her refusal to confess the loss destroy her life — and appearances, like the fake diamonds, can be deceiving.
Verified by the tuition.in editorial team
Last reviewed on 2 July 2026. Written and reviewed by subject-matter experts — read about our process.
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