Chapter 12 of 14

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CBSE Class 3 Mathematics★ 3-4 marks through school tests, activities, notebook work, and competency questions in CBSE Class 3 Mathematics (Maths Mela)

Give and Take

A CBSE Class 3 Mathematics (Maths Mela) chapter on addition and subtraction with regrouping (carrying and borrowing), set in everyday give-and-take and money situations. Children exchange tens and hundreds, use the number line, and solve word problems. These notes give core ideas, worked examples, an activity, common mistakes, a practice set with answers, and quick revision.

⏱ 16 min readEasy difficulty✓ Free · NCERT-aligned

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By the end of this chapter you'll be able to…

1Add three-digit numbers with carrying
2Subtract three-digit numbers with borrowing
3Solve addition and subtraction word problems
4Find totals and change with money
5Check answers by reversing the operation

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Why this chapter matters

Give and Take strengthens addition and subtraction with regrouping and links them to money. Children learn to carry and borrow across hundreds, tens, and ones, and to find totals and change in real shopping situations.

Before you start — revise these

A 5-minute refresher here will save you 30 minutes of confusion below.

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Place value and basic addition/subtraction

Knowing hundreds, tens, and ones and simple sums.

Give and Take — Class 3 Mathematics (CBSE)

From the current NCERT Maths Mela Grade 3 book, Chapter 12. Buying, paying, and giving change bring addition and subtraction with regrouping to life.

1. Why this chapter matters

Real sums often need regrouping — carrying when ones make a ten, or borrowing when we do not have enough. This chapter strengthens addition and subtraction of larger numbers and links them to money, which we use every day.

2. Core ideas

Idea 1 — Carry when ones make a ten (or tens make a hundred)

364 + 52: add ones (4+2=6), tens (6+5=11 → write 1, carry 1 to hundreds). 364 + 52 = 416.

Method 2 — Borrow when there are not enough

245 − 128: ones 5−8 needs borrowing → borrow 1 ten (15−8=7), then 3−2=1, then 2−1=1 → 117.

Skill 3 — Money is give and take

Add prices to find a total; subtract to find the change.

3. Worked examples

Example 1: Add 276 + 158.

Ones 6+8=14 (carry 1), tens 7+5+1=13 (carry 1), hundreds 2+1+1=4 → 434.

Example 2: Subtract 403 − 167.

Borrow across to get 236. (Check: 236 + 167 = 403.)

Example 3: Riya pays ₹100 for a toy costing ₹65. What change?

100 − 65 = ₹35 change.

4. Activity corner

Set up a shop with price tags. Buy two items, add the prices, and find the change from ₹200. Write:

The prices I added
The change I found
The maths idea (carrying in addition, borrowing in subtraction)

5. Common mistakes

Mistake: Forgetting to carry the extra ten or hundred. Fix: When a column makes 10 or more, write the ones and carry to the next column.
Mistake: Subtracting the smaller digit from the larger out of order (e.g., doing 8 − 5 instead of borrowing for 5 − 8). Fix: Keep the order; borrow when the top digit is smaller.
Mistake: Not checking the answer. Fix: Add back, or estimate, to check.

6. How to write better answers

Line up ones, tens, and hundreds.
Add or subtract column by column, regrouping as needed.
For money, keep the ₹ sign with the answer.
Check by reversing the operation.

7. Practice set

Add: 248 + 136.
Subtract: 350 − 174.
A book costs ₹85 and a pen ₹40. Total cost?
Find the change from ₹100 after spending ₹72.
Add: 199 + 199.
Check 526 − 287 by adding your answer back.

8. Answer key

248 + 136 = 384.
350 − 174 = 176.
85 + 40 = ₹125.
100 − 72 = ₹28 change.
199 + 199 = 398.
526 − 287 = 239; check: 239 + 287 = 526. ✓

9. Quick revision

Carry when a column makes ten or more.
Borrow when the top digit is smaller than the bottom digit.
Line up ones, tens, and hundreds neatly.
Money: add prices for totals, subtract for change.
Check by adding back or estimating.

Key formulas & results

Everything you need to memorise, in one card. Screenshot this for revision.

Core idea

Carry when a column makes ten or more; borrow when the top digit is smaller.

10 ones = 1 ten; 10 tens = 1 hundred.

Math move

Line up ones, tens, and hundreds, then add or subtract column by column.

Regroup as needed.

Exam habit

Money is give and take: add prices for totals, subtract for change.

Check by adding the answer back.

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Common mistakes & fixes

These are the exact errors that cost students marks in board exams. Read them once, save yourself the trouble.

WATCH OUT

✗ Forgetting to carry the extra ten or hundred

✓ When a column makes 10 or more, write the ones and carry to the next column.

WATCH OUT

✗ Reversing digits to avoid borrowing

✓ Keep the order and borrow when the top digit is smaller.

WATCH OUT

✗ Not checking the answer

✓ Add the answer back, or estimate, to check.

NCERT exercises (with solutions)

Every NCERT exercise from this chapter — what it covers and how many questions to expect.

Read, observe, and discuss

Use Dienes blocks, number lines, and shop pictures from the textbook to model carrying and borrowing before writing answers.

Questions

Notebook practice

Column addition and subtraction with regrouping, money problems, and checking by reversing.

Questions

Project or activity

Run a class shop, add two prices, and find the change from 200 rupees.

Questions

Practice problems

Try each one yourself before tapping "Show solution". Active recall > rereading.

Q1EASY· Add

Add: 248 + 136.

▶ Show solution

384.

Q2EASY· Subtract

Subtract: 350 - 174.

▶ Show solution

176.

Q3MEDIUM· Money

A book costs 85 rupees and a pen 40 rupees. What is the total cost?

▶ Show solution

85 + 40 = 125 rupees.

Q4MEDIUM· Money

Find the change from 100 rupees after spending 72 rupees.

▶ Show solution

100 - 72 = 28 rupees change.

Q5EASY· Add

Add: 199 + 199.

▶ Show solution

398.

Q6HARD· Check

Find 526 - 287 and check by adding your answer back.

▶ Show solution

526 - 287 = 239; check: 239 + 287 = 526.

5-minute revision

The whole chapter, distilled. Read this the night before the exam.

•Give and Take is Chapter 12 of the Class 3 Maths Mela textbook.
•Carry when a column makes ten or more.
•Borrow when the top digit is smaller than the bottom digit.
•Line up ones, tens, and hundreds neatly.
•Money: add prices for totals, subtract for change.
•Check by adding back or estimating.

CBSE marks blueprint

Where the marks come from in this chapter — so you can plan your prep.

Typical chapter weightage: 3-4 marks in school tests, oral checks, notebooks, and activities

Question type	Marks each	Typical count	What it tests
Very Short	1	2-3	Direct addition or subtraction sums
Short Answer	2	1-2	Money problems or word problems with regrouping
Activity / Project	3	0-1	Shop activity with totals and change, and checking answers

Prep strategy

Practise carrying in addition and borrowing in subtraction
Line up place values neatly
Solve money totals and change
Check every answer by reversing the operation

Where this shows up in the real world

This chapter isn't just an exam topic — it lives in the world around you.

Shopping and money

Finding totals and change uses addition and subtraction every day.

Keeping accounts

Adding and subtracting amounts helps track savings and spending.

Solving real problems

Word problems build the habit of choosing the right operation.

Exam strategy

Battle-tested tips from teachers and toppers for this chapter.

Underline the keyword that signals add or subtract
Line up the columns and regroup carefully
Keep the rupee sign with money answers
Check the answer by reversing the operation

Going beyond the textbook

For olympiad aspirants and curious learners — topics that build on this chapter.

Make a two-step money problem: add two prices, then find change from 500 rupees.
Find two three-digit numbers whose sum is 500 and difference is 100.

Where else this chapter is tested

CBSE board isn't the only one — other exams test this chapter too.

CBSE Class 3 School AssessmentHigh

Class 3 Foundation / Olympiad PracticeMedium

Notebook and Activity EvaluationHigh

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Questions students ask

The real ones — pulled from the Q&A community and tutor sessions.

Regrouping means exchanging between places: carrying 10 ones as 1 ten in addition, or borrowing 1 ten as 10 ones in subtraction.

Subtract the amount spent from the money given. For example, change from 100 rupees after spending 72 is 100 - 72 = 28 rupees.

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