'Our Changing Earth' — Practice

Question 1

What is the difference between focus and epicentre?

Accepted Answer

The focus is the point inside the Earth where an earthquake originates. The epicentre is the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus.

Question 2

Describe the landforms created by a river in its upper, middle, and lower courses.

Accepted Answer

Upper course: V-shaped valleys and waterfalls (strong downward erosion). Middle course: meanders and oxbow lakes (the river bends and loops). Lower course: floodplains, deltas, and levees (the river deposits sediment as it slows near the sea).

Question 3

Distinguish between endogenic and exogenic forces.

Accepted Answer

Endogenic forces come from inside the Earth (plate movement, mantle convection) and cause earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain building. Exogenic forces act on the surface, powered by solar and gravitational energy, and cause erosion and deposition by rivers, wind, sea, and ice.

Question 4

Name two landforms created by wind and one created by glaciers.

Accepted Answer

Wind: mushroom rocks and sand dunes (also loess). Glacier: U-shaped valley (also cirque or moraine).

Practice — 'Our Changing Earth'

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