'Devotional Paths to the Divine' — Practice

Question 1

Compare the teachings of Kabir and Guru Nanak.

Accepted Answer

Both rejected caste, ritual, and idol worship and preached devotion to one formless God. Kabir, a weaver, used mixed Hindi/Awadhi verse and rejected both Hindu and Muslim orthodoxy. Guru Nanak founded Sikhism, taught Ek Onkar (one God), honest work, sharing, and the langar (community kitchen) where all eat together regardless of caste.

Question 2

What are the main features of Sufism?

Accepted Answer

Sufism seeks a direct, personal experience of God through divine love (ishq), devotion, and meditation. Key practices include zikr (repetition of God's name) and sama (devotional music). Sufis lived in khanqahs open to all, and orders like the Chishti spread tolerance and love.

Question 3

Who founded the Virashaiva (Lingayat) tradition and what did it teach?

Accepted Answer

Basavanna founded the Virashaiva or Lingayat tradition in Karnataka. It rejected caste, ritual, and temple worship, taught that work is worship, and held all equal before God.

Question 4

Why is Mirabai considered an unusual Bhakti saint?

Accepted Answer

Mirabai was a Rajput princess who defied social norms, refused to commit sati after her husband's death, and devoted her life to Krishna, composing bhajans still sung today.

Practice — 'Devotional Paths to the Divine'

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