Diversity in Living Organisms — The Five Kingdoms — Practice

Question 1

Identify the kingdom for each: (a) Yeast (b) Amoeba (c) Fern (d) Human (e) Cyanobacteria.

Accepted Answer

Step 1 — Apply kingdom criteria.
  (a) Yeast: FUNGI — eukaryotic, chitin cell wall, saprophytic.
  (b) Amoeba: PROTISTA — eukaryotic, unicellular.
  (c) Fern: PLANTAE — eukaryotic, cellulose wall, autotrophic.
  (d) Human: ANIMALIA — eukaryotic, no cell wall, heterotrophic.
  (e) Cyanobacteria: MONERA — prokaryotic.

✦ Answer: Fungi, Protista, Plantae, Animalia, Monera.

Question 2

Classify: (a) coconut tree (b) rose bush (c) rice plant (d) mango tree as monocot or dicot. Give one reason each.

Accepted Answer

Step 1 — Apply features.
  (a) Coconut: MONOCOT — fibrous roots, parallel leaf venation, one cotyledon.
  (b) Rose: DICOT — tap root, reticulate venation, two cotyledons.
  (c) Rice: MONOCOT — parallel venation, fibrous roots.
  (d) Mango: DICOT — tap root, reticulate venation.

✦ Answer: Monocots: coconut, rice. Dicots: rose, mango.

Question 3

Draw the Five Kingdoms table with columns: Kingdom, Cell type, Cell wall, Nutrition mode, and two examples each.

Accepted Answer

Step 1 — Build table.

Kingdom | Cell Type | Cell Wall | Nutrition | Examples
  --------|-----------|-----------|-----------|--------
  Monera | Prokaryotic | Peptidoglycan (some) | Auto/Hetero | Bacteria, Cyanobacteria
  Protista | Eukaryotic | Present in some | Auto/Hetero | Amoeba, Euglena
  Fungi | Eukaryotic | CHITIN | Saprophytic/Parasitic | Mushroom, Yeast
  Plantae | Eukaryotic | CELLULOSE | AUTOTROPHIC | Moss, Fern, Mango
  Animalia | Eukaryotic | ABSENT | HETEROTROPHIC | Earthworm, Human

Step 2 — Key trap to remember.
  FUNGI = CHITIN (not cellulose). Monera = ONLY prokaryotic kingdom.

✦ Answer: Table as above. Fungi chitin and Monera prokaryotic are the most tested facts.

Question 4

Name any five animal phyla and give their ONE most important identifying feature and one example each.

Accepted Answer

Step 1 — Five phyla with features.

Phylum | Key Feature | Example
  -------|------------|-------
  Porifera | Pore-bearing body, no true tissues | Sycon (sponge)
  Cnidaria | Stinging cells (cnidoblasts) | Hydra, jellyfish
  Annelida | Segmented body, true coelom | Earthworm, leech
  Arthropoda | Jointed legs, chitin exoskeleton (LARGEST phylum) | Cockroach, spider, crab
  Chordata | Notochord, dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal gill slits | Fish, frog, human

✦ Answer: Table as above. Arthropoda = largest phylum is a common fact question.

Question 5

Write the complete classification of (a) the mango tree and (b) a human being, from Kingdom to Binomial Name. For each, give one reason for placement at each level.

Accepted Answer

Step 1 — MANGO TREE (Mangifera indica):
  Kingdom: PLANTAE — multicellular, autotrophic (photosynthesis), cellulose cell wall.
  Division: ANGIOSPERMS — flowers present, seeds enclosed in fruit (mango).
  Class: DICOTYLEDONAE — two cotyledons, tap root, reticulate leaf venation.
  Family: Anacardiaceae (cashew family).
  Genus: Mangifera.
  Species: Mangifera indica.

Step 2 — HUMAN BEING (Homo sapiens):
  Kingdom: ANIMALIA — multicellular, heterotrophic (holozoic), no cell wall.
  Phylum: CHORDATA — notochord (in embryo), dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal gill slits at some stage.
  Class: MAMMALIA — mammary glands, body hair, warm-blooded, 4-chambered heart, give birth (viviparous mostly).
  Order: Primates (binocular vision, grasping hands).
  Family: Hominidae (great apes + humans).
  Genus: Homo.
  Species: Homo sapiens.

Step 3 — Binomial nomenclature rules.
  Genus: CAPITAL. Species: small. Written in italics or underlined.

✦ Answer: Mango = Mangifera indica (Angiosperms, Dicot). Human = Homo sapiens (Chordata, Mammalia).

Practice — Diversity in Living Organisms — The Five Kingdoms

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