Tables and Shares

'Knowing your tables well makes division easy. And division is just sharing equally!'

1. What You Will Learn

Multiplication tables from 2 to 15
Division as equal sharing and equal grouping
Relationship between multiplication and division
Using multiplication to solve division problems
Word problems involving sharing

2. Multiplication Tables

Knowing tables by heart makes MATH much faster!

Tables 2 to 5

×	2	3	4	5
1	2	3	4	5
2	4	6	8	10
3	6	9	12	15
4	8	12	16	20
5	10	15	20	25
6	12	18	24	30
7	14	21	28	35
8	16	24	32	40
9	18	27	36	45
10	20	30	40	50

Tables 6 to 10

×	6	7	8	9	10
1	6	7	8	9	10
2	12	14	16	18	20
3	18	21	24	27	30
4	24	28	32	36	40
5	30	35	40	45	50
6	36	42	48	54	60
7	42	49	56	63	70
8	48	56	64	72	80
9	54	63	72	81	90
10	60	70	80	90	100

Story Problem

Grandma has 24 ladoos. She wants to share them equally among her 4 grandchildren. How many ladoos does each child get?

Using Division: 24 ÷ 4 = 6 ladoos each

Check using Multiplication: 6 × 4 = 24 ✓

4. Division as Equal Grouping

Story Problem

Ravi has 30 pencils. He puts 5 pencils in each box. How many boxes does he need?

Using Division: 30 ÷ 5 = 6 boxes

Check: 6 boxes × 5 pencils = 30 ✓

5. The Multiplication-Division Connection

Multiplication and Division are OPPOSITE operations — they REVERSE each other.

Multiplication Fact	Division Facts
4 × 5 = 20	20 ÷ 4 = 5 and 20 ÷ 5 = 4
6 × 7 = 42	42 ÷ 6 = 7 and 42 ÷ 7 = 6
8 × 9 = 72	72 ÷ 8 = 9 and 72 ÷ 9 = 8
3 × 12 = 36	36 ÷ 3 = 12 and 36 ÷ 12 = 3

Think

If you know 7 × 8 = 56, what is 56 ÷ 7? Answer: 8 (because 8 × 7 = 56)

6. Solving Word Problems

Problem 1

A farmer has 36 apples. He puts them in baskets of 6 each. How many baskets does he need? Answer: 36 ÷ 6 = 6 baskets

Problem 2

There are 45 children. They sit in rows of 9. How many rows are needed? Answer: 45 ÷ 9 = 5 rows

Problem 3

A shopkeeper has 72 eggs. He packs them in trays of 8. How many trays does he need? Answer: 72 ÷ 8 = 9 trays

7. Key Facts

DIVISION is sharing EQUALLY
DIVISION is repeated SUBTRACTION (just like multiplication is repeated addition)
Every multiplication fact gives TWO division facts
The number being shared is the DIVIDEND
The number of shares is the DIVISOR
The result is the QUOTIENT
Any leftover is the REMAINDER

8. Common Mistakes

'Do NOT confuse DIVIDEND and DIVISOR. The dividend is the TOTAL, the divisor is the NUMBER OF SHARES.' 'Do NOT forget to CHECK your division with multiplication. If they don't match, redo the sum.' 'Do NOT think you can ONLY divide when the numbers are exact. Sometimes there is a REMAINDER.' 'Do NOT skip memorising tables. They make division MUCH faster.' 'Do NOT write 0 when there is a remainder. Write the REMAINDER correctly.'

9. Fun Activity

Classroom Sharing

Count the number of students in your class
Divide them into groups of 4
How many groups? Any students left out?
Try groups of 5, 6, and 7

Household Sharing

Count the total number of spoons in your kitchen
Divide them equally among family members
How many each? Any extra?

Flashcard Game

Make flashcards with multiplication facts (e.g., 6 × 7)
On the back, write the answer
Quiz a friend — get them to also say the TWO division facts

10. Self-Test

Q1. 56 ÷ 7 = ? Answer: 8 (because 8 × 7 = 56)

Q2. 40 marbles are shared equally among 8 children. How many marbles does each child get? Answer: 40 ÷ 8 = 5 marbles each

Q3. A teacher has 36 books. She puts 9 books on each shelf. How many shelves does she need? Answer: 36 ÷ 9 = 4 shelves

Q4. Fill in the blank: 7 × ___ = 63, so 63 ÷ 7 = ___ Answer: 7 × 9 = 63, so 63 ÷ 7 = 9

Q5. If 6 children share 54 toffees equally, how many toffees does each get? Answer: 54 ÷ 6 = 9 toffees each

Q6. Write two division facts for 9 × 8 = 72. Answer: 72 ÷ 9 = 8 and 72 ÷ 8 = 9

11. Key Vocabulary

Word	Meaning
Dividend	The number being divided (total)
Divisor	The number you divide by
Quotient	The result of division
Remainder	The amount left over
Equal Sharing	Dividing into groups of the same size
Factor	Numbers that multiply to give a product

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